The 36 458 cases of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebral infarction (CI) in Beijing from 2008 to 2012 were collected. Based on the fundamental impact of solarterrestrial relationship on temperature change between neighboring days (TCN), a year was divided into two periods dominated by opposite TCN period in this study. The results show that high morbidity of CHD generally occurred in periods from awakening of insects to grain rain, as well as from white dew to winter solstice, which accompanied by large TCN period. In contrast, low morbidities of both CHD and CI took place in the period from grain in ear to summer solstice, which accompanied by small TCN period. Stronger effects of positive TCN period were revealed on young and middleaged (less than and equal to 65 years old) CHD patients than that on the old group (more than 65 years old) by timeseries models, whose relative risk (RR) was up to 1.31. The elderly suffering from CHD were sensitive to negative TCN period, regardless of background temperature trends. Furthermore, in negative TCN period, positive TCN could elevate the highest CI risk for young individuals (less than 45 years old) immediately (RR was equal to 1.23). In conclusion, the shortterm effects of TCN on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were significant, and seasonal temperature trends modified TCNcardiovascular morbidity associations significantly.

The daily number of patients with upper respiratory tract infection (URI) in 49 community health service centers in Luohu of Shenzhen from 2014 to 2018 and meteorological data in the same period were collected to analyze the changing characteristics of the number of patients with URI at different time scales. The distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) and generalized linear model (GLM) were used to study the relationship between different meteorological factors and the number of patients with URI in Shenzhen. The results show that there was a significant seasonal change for the number of patients with URI in Luohu of Shenzhen. The peak periods of cases were March to April in spring, July in summer and December to next January in winter, corresponding to Pure Brightness, Lesser Heat and Lesser Cold of the 24 solar terms, respectively. The DLNM model showed that air temperature was the main impact factor, and its effect on the number of patients with URI presented mainly cold effect, the relative risk (RR) reached the peak after 4 days lag (RR was equal to 1.041, the 95% confidence interval was between 1.022 and 1.060). Women were more affected by cold effect than men, and middle-aged and elderly people were more affected by cold effect than children. Another important factors were thermal effect in summer and the variable temperature in spring. The influence of humidity presented mainly low humidity effect, and the relative risk reached the peak (RR was equal to 1.058, the 95% confidence interval was between 1.049 and 1.068) on the same day. Pressure and wind speed showed high pressure effect and strong wind effect, and RR reached the highest after 1 day lag. In conclusion, cold air activities in winter and spring and their cold effects such as low temperature, low humidity and strong wind were the key factors to induce URI, followed by the impact of continuous high temperature in summer, both of them should be focused on timely prevention.